Question

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感覺）of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知）of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假設）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1.According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A．the visitors to his office                   B．the psychology lessons he has

C．his physical feeling of coldness             D．the things he has bought online

2.The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A．adults should develop social skills           B．babies need warm physical contact

C．caregivers should be healthy adults          D．monkeys have social relationships

3.In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively      B．write down their hypotheses

C．fill out a personal information form          D．evaluate someone’s personality

4.We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述了人們身體的感覺與感情的關系，文中通過研究人員的調查研究發現，人們對別人給的東西的身體感覺是溫暖的，那么他的感情就感覺這個人是好的，反之，就感覺這人很冷漠。

1.細節理解題。根據The physical sensation（感覺）of warmth encourages emotional warmth, 故選C。

2.細節理解題。根據showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. 小猴子也需要有身體接觸，故選B。

3.細節理解題。根據After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. 要求學生評估這個人，故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.故選C。

5.標題歸納題。縱觀全文可知本文主要敘述了身體的感覺和感情的關系，故選A。

考點：人生百味類短文閱讀。

點評：在快速閱讀的過程中，要掌握主旨大意，要有閱讀的整體意識，避免那種“只見樹木，不見森林”的逐字逐句的閱讀習慣。接著是尋讀，確定“信息源”，找出問題的相關信息出自文章何處，跟哪些段落或句子有關，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節一點一滴的區別，在準確理解細節的前提下，最后確定最佳答案，這樣對細節理解題的處理基本做到了有根有據，提高了判斷的正確性。