Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
1.What can we learn from some recent studies?
A．Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.
B．Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
C．Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.
D．Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
2.What does the Indiana University study show?
A．Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.
B．Roommates of different races just don't get along.
C．Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.
D．Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.
3.What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?
A．The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
B．Students of different races are required to share a room.
C．Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.
D．Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.
4.What can be inferred from Grace Kao’s saying about interracial lodging?
A．Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.
B．Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.
C．Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.
D．It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
【解析】
試題分析：文章介紹大學宿舍里往往會隨意的將不同國家不同種族的學生安排在一起住，分析了這樣做的利弊及其原因。
1.細節題：從第一段最后句子lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性)of conflict.有利有弊就是B里面說的“有各種各樣的結果” 選B。
2.推理題：從第五段的句子：An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.跨種族室友的比同種族的室友更容易解散，選C
3.猜詞題：從前面的句子：One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," 可知這里指的是大學不考慮種族隨便安排住宿。選A
4.推理題：從文章的最后一段的句子：noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.可知 Grace Kao認為不做任何研究就認為這是普遍化是不科學的。選D。
考點：考查社會生活類短文
點評：文章比較難，和題目相關的有的涉及到一些長句的理解，要求考生長句的分析能力，并考查學生的概括能力，題目以推理題居多，考生做題時要多的通過句子看到本質。還有兩道題都涉及到難度很大的生詞，對學生的詞匯量是個挑戰，但是，在運用猜詞法和結合上下文還是可以做出來的。
暑假接力賽新疆青少年出版社系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage．
A
Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.
First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients your body needs.
Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No.l choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium your body needs to grow strong bones.
Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.
Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.
Fifth, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.
Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
You should eat different foods especially ___.
A. meat B. hamburgers C. sweets D. fruit and vegetables
Which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?
A. Juice B. Milk C. Cold water D. Tea
According to the passage, you should follow ＿＿rules if you want to be healthy.
A. five B. nine C. fifteen D. thirteen
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. When you're eating, you don't have to notice how your body feels.
B. You can eat your favorite food as much as possible.
C. You can watch TV whenever you like to get more information.
D. We should try to live in an active way in our life.
Which is the best title of the passage?
A. How to make yourself important
B. How to be a healthy kid
C. How to be a popular kid
D. How to make your parents healthy
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年江蘇宿遷高二上期第一次月考英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
It's a name that needs no address.Everyone knows Santa Claus lives at the North Pole.
So letters sent to Santa Claus find their way to the small town of the North Pole deep in Alaska，including those simply sent to Santa. Last year，120,000 letters arrived from 26 countries，not including the thousands with no return addresses.
Those who have return addresses usually get a reply and a North Pole postmark（郵戳） that has delighted children all over the world for many years. They feel happy to receive Santa's reply.
Letters arrive all the year around in the town of 1,600，where streets have names such as Santa Claus Lane and Kris Kringle Drive. Around Thanksgiving，they start getting there by the thousands each day as Christmas comes. Even letters without stamps get through，an exception（例外）for the U．S. Postal Service.
“This is special because it has Santa's name on it，”said Debra Cornelius，an officer at the main post office in nearby Fairbanks，where the letters are kept during the holiday.
Gabby Gaborik is among several dozen volunteers who are busy sending off replies to children who sent return addresses.
In his 10 years as a volunteer，Gaborik has seen every kind of wish. There are children who want the latest toys they see on TV. There are children who ask for miracles（奇跡），some wanting their mother back for Christmas or their father back from Iraq，even though he died there.
Replies get a North Pole postmark，including a halfmoon drawing of Santa's face. Even late letters get a reply，Gaborik said，“It says something like ‘Thanks for writing. Santa's been really busy，’anything the children might want to hear，”he said.
1.Letters written to Santa Claus without an address can arrive at the North Pole because ______.
A．all letters without an address are sent there
B．people believe that Santa Claus lives there
C．this kind of letter is sent with a special postmark
D．streets named Santa Claus Lane can be found there
2.The underlined word “delighted” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “______”.
A．excited B．amazed C．confused D．disappointed
3.We can know from the text that ______.
A．letters written to Santa Claus are sent free
B．Santa Claus' replies to children always arrive at Christmas
C．many people write to children for Santa Claus asking for no pay
D．there're thousands of letters sent to Santa Claus every month
4.What's the best title for the text?
A．Letters written to parents
B．All kinds of wishes from children
C．Letters to Santa Claus rush into Alaska
D．North Pole，Alaska，a beautiful place
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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆河南靈寶第三高級中學高一上第三次質量檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
The other day I heard a few local musicians talking, "I hate all the pianos in this town and I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They cannot even understand rhythm (韻律).""Nobody wants to pay musicians anything. I’m sick of all the people who want you to play without paying you.” One younger musician said, "There are a couple of clubs who want me to play for a few nights a month, and I’m trying to find other places to play. I’m also planning to join in several summer festivals this year." I really liked what the younger musician said so I made friends with him.
Attitudes are important. Whether they’re positive or negative (消極的), they’re all rubbing off on you. If you’re around people who are always complaining(抱怨) or blaming (責備) others, it is possible that you will start doing the same as well. If you spend lots of time with people who don’t support your dreams, it is time to take a look at the people you call "friends".
There is an easy exercise you can try. Make a list of the people who you often stay with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard for yourself and don’t become friends with people who fall below that standard. The choice is always yours to make. Of course, this exercise is entirely different from making friends only for the good of oneself. We really should try to help and spend time with those who are working towards a goal or dream.
1.The musicians’ conversation at the beginning is to show that ______.
A．musicians’ living conditions are not good
B．people in that town have poor taste in music
C．different people have different attitudes
D．young people are more likely to succeed
2.The underlined part "they’re rubbing off on you" in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A．they’ll push you ahead
B．they’ll have an influence on you
C．they’ll keep you from moving on
D．they’ll help you realize your dreams
3.Why did the author want to make friends with the younger musician?
A．He is more active than the others.
B．He can earn more than the others.
C．He has more things to do than the others.
D．His attitude is more positive than the others.
4.By doing the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 3, you can ______.
A．make the right kind of friends
B．improve your ability to make friends
C．develop a better relationship with your friends
D．make some new friends with the same interests as you
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We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant（速溶） coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance（introduction stage）.At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced（stage of rapid growth）. After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off（stage of maturity）. Sales went into a slight decrease when freeze-dried coffees were introduced（stage of decline）.
The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not drop. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the soldiers？
Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.
Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to regain world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles eagerly from year to year to keep demand from falling.
1.The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ________.
A．not easily accepted by the public
B．often of poorer quality compared with old ones
C．often more expensive than old ones
D．usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
2.Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to________.
A．promote its production
B．work out marketing plans
C．speed up its life cycle
D．increase its popularity
3.The author mentions the example of "backpacks" （Para.2） to show the importance of________.
A．pleasing the young as well as the old
B．increasing usage among students
C．exploring new market sections
D．finding creative product designers
4.In order to attract more consumers, U.S. auto makers are ________.
A．modernizing product style
B．increasing product features
C．developing products of better quality
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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解
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