Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
1.Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.
A. depression among bus drivers is common
B. thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency
C. bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient
D. the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood
2.According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?
A. It is good for the business but bad for the employees.
B. It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive.
C. It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US.
D. It causes more harm to women than men.
3.We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.
A. people should be true to their feelings
B. smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient
C. it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions
D. deep acting can improve mood in the long run
4.The article is mainly about ______.
A. the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact
B. a new study on fake smiling and its influence on people
C. suggestions on improving work efficiency
D. how to cheer up when you are exhausted
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.B
【解析】
試題分析：文章大意：一項新的調查研究表明，不是發(fā)自內心的虛假微笑會讓人情緒變差甚至于會降低工作效率，與此相反發(fā)自內心的微笑卻能讓人情緒高漲并且能提高工作效率，所以人們要真實地對待自己的感覺。
1.B 推理判斷題。從文章第三段The results showed that on days ... , On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.判斷當人們因為真實的想法而微笑時，他們的情緒會變好同樣工作效率也會提高，所以B選項正確。
2.D 細節(jié)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men.研究也表明由于佯裝微笑婦女受的危害要比男人大，由此判斷D為正確答案。
3.A推理判斷題。文章最后一段“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”如果很長時間都在假裝微笑，那么自己就會感覺不真實，而且會感覺不像自己了。由此判斷研究人員認為人們要真實地對待自己的感覺，所以A選項正確。
4.B 主旨大意題。本文是調查報告，開頭提出中心。從第一段But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.判斷文章是一篇關于虛假微笑及其影響的研究報告，所以B選項正確。
考點：考查議論文閱讀
發(fā)散思維新課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
簡答題(共3小題, 每小題2分, 滿分6分)
閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)第73至第75小題的具體要求, 簡要回答問題, 并將答案轉寫到答題卡上.
Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.
As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.
Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后腳)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(漣漪) and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(腳爪)touching.
As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (視覺效果)of the designs.
In 200, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled “Discovery”. But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. “It’s not about the prize,” said Rob Neyland, Team USA’s captain. “It’s about touching the audience. ”
Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design.
What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use?(回答詞數(shù)不超過6個)
What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (回答詞數(shù)不超過9個)
Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答詞數(shù)不超過15個)
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科目：高中英語 來源：山東省2009-2010學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
There is nothing else but economy that occupies the minds of Americans at present times of economic crisis（危機）. The statistics on unemployment，housing costs and consumer confidence keep coming and coming，leaving people not just scared to spend money but also very stressed and emotionally exhausted. This stress has an effect on everything，starting with our sleep，mood，physical health，relationships and eating habits.
“Time of economic stress leads to increase rates of depression(憂郁)，”says Dr. Christopher Palmer，director of continuing education at McLean Hospital in Belmont，Massachusetts. “It worsens illness in people who have been constantly depressed. But it also causes new cases of depression. Just the fear of losing one’s job can put people over the edge. ”
And，without any doubt，just depression alone can create a variety of bad health effects.
●Sleep
33 percent of Americans reported that they have lost sleep due to the economic crisis. 26 percent say they are sleeping less than 6 hours per night，which is considered to be at least one hour less than the most favorable 7 to 8 hours recommended by sleep experts.
●Mental health，stress and heart attack
80 percent of Americans reported that last year the economy is a huge source of stress; 49 percent said the situation makes them feel nervous or anxious; 48 percent reported that they feel very sad and have developed depression.
Nearly twice the risk of heart attack or death was found in patients with the highest levels of depression or anxiety. Among those individuals，a 10 percent higher rise of heart attack or death was found in those whose anxiety rose over time.
●Relationships
The chances of violent behavior are nearly 6 times higher for individuals who are left without a job. Workplace stress can lead to domestic violence.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Now Americans don’t dare to spend money.
B. Now all Americans have problems in sleeping.
C. Economy is the most troubling problem for Americans now.
D. Economic crisis has destroyed many American families.
2. How does the economic crisis affect most Americans according to the passage?
A. They sleep fewer than six hours. B. They sleep less than the proper amount.
C. Diseases caused by economy make them sleepless. D. They lose sleep at night.
3. If a person is out of work，he might __________. .
A. become more violent B. get divorced C. get rid of workplace stress D. go mad
4. The best title of this passage is probably______________ . .
A. The World Economic Crisis Is Getting Worse
B. Economic Crisis Affects Our Health
C. Economic Crisis Causes Trouble to Sleep
D. Ordinary People Suffer Greatly in Economic Crisis
5.What does the underlined word “favorable” mean?
A. proper B. perfect C. useful D. fashionable
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012年廣東省高一上學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
Like all other mothers who have small children, I, too, have to steal time-from my own children at home and from the children who know me as their teacher-just to put a few words down on paper. Many times I've wanted to write for myself, for other women, for my parents, for my husband, and especially for my children. I would have liked to leave a legacy (遺產) of words explaining what it has meant to have twins. One reason that there is not a great deal written about being a mother of a new baby is that there is seldom a moment to think of anything else but the baby's needs.
With twins, I did not have a spare hand to write with.
Before my twins were born, my days were long and I had nothing to write about. After the twins' birth I did have something to write about, but I found myself facing not a pen and paper but milk bottles.
Some nights, friends would visit. They would leave at 11 p.m., heading for bed, and for us the night was only just beginning. With twins, there is really no night. Each feeding lasts a long time. At 1:00 a.m., each of them would begin crying from hunger. At 4:00am, when I finally put them down, I felt exhausted.
Two years have passed since then and we've managed to live through it all. My days are still very full and even now there isn't one evening when I put the twins down for the night that I don't have a break. At last a little time for myself.
1.When did the writer have time but she didn't feel like writing anything?
A. Before the birth of her twins.
B. When she faced bottles of milk.
C. After her friends visited her home.
D. When she had to think about the babies' needs.
2.What does the writer mainly write about?
A. Her role as a wife. B. Her work as a writer.
C. Her experience as a mother. D. Her feeling as a woman.
3.Why did the writer say the night was just beginning (in the 4th paragraph)?
A. Because her friends left her house too late.
B. Because she started to take care of the twins even at night.
C. Because her babies often cried and she woke up.
D. Because she could not sleep till four in the morning.
4. This passage is probably from a(n) _________.
A. blog B. newspaper C. guidebook D. advertisement
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The writer was unhappy because of no time for writing.
B. The writer cared about her babies more than her own interests.
C. The writer hated to be a mother of twins.
D. The writer could steal a little time at night.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012年安徽合肥八中高三上學期第三次段考英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
Down on the beach of Dover, 56-year-old Channel swimmer Jackie Cobell bravely set off for Calais. The time was 6:40 am. 28 hours and 44 minutes later the exhausted, successful mother from Kent crawled (爬行) to the shore and walked proudly into the record books. After five years in training, Mrs Cobell became the slowest person to cross the Channel under her own steam. The previous record for the slowest crossing, set by Henry Sullivan at 26 hours and 50 minutes, has stood for 87 years before Mrs Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning.
She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first one way, then the other. It turned the 21-mile crossing into a 65-mile one. She declared, “Time and tide wait for no man—and they certainly didn’t wait for me. I was fully expecting it to get dark before I got to Calais but I never imagined I’d also see the dawn again. But I wasn’t going to give up.”
Her feat(壯舉) raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship for research into Huntingdon’s disease, a sum that was continuing to grow as news of her achievement spread. That was why she did it. “I don’t really know myself,” she said. “ I just kept thinking of all the people I’d be letting down if I stopped.”
Mrs Cobell took to the water so well at school. But after bringing up two daughters, she started to gain weight. Five years ago she took up swimming again and decided to prepare for the Channel challenge to lose weight. She became much fitter. Then came the big swim. “I practiced on Windermere lake,” she said. “it’s about half the distance of the Channel so I just doubled it, added some extra time, and worked out I could probably get to Calais in about 16 hours.”
Her husband David, trainer, official observer and friend sailed alongside her on a boat. She said, “I sang to keep myself going. When they told me I was a record breaker I thought they were just having a joke—until I realized it was the record for the slowest crossing. But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker.”
1.According to Paragraph 1, Mrs Cobell_____________.
A. started to learn swimming five years ago
B. arrived at Calais on late Sunday morning
C. wanted to break the record for the slowest crossing
D. was too exhausted to move after crossing the Channel
2. Why did Mrs Cobell spend so much time crossing the Channel?
A. Because the tides changed her direction.
B. Because she was not in good condition.
C. Because she wasn’t good at swimming.
D. Because the winds kept her from swimming fast.
3.Mrs Cobell crossed the Channel for the main purpose of____________.
A. taking a risk
B. losing more weight
C. raising money for charity
D. becoming famous worldwide
4.How did Mrs Cobell feel about the record she set?
A. Dissatisfied B. Excited C. Annoyed D. Proud
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年天津市高三下學期第五次月考英語 題型：閱讀理解
I stood outside New York’s Madison Square Garden and just stared, almost speechless. I was a farm boy from County Kilkenny, a child who some thought would never walk, let alone go as far as I had in the world.
From the day I was born, there was a problem. The doctors at the Dublin hospital told my parents I had phocomelia, a deformity that affected both legs below the knee, which were outward and shorter than normal and each foot had just three toes.
Life was tough. I couldn’t stand, much less walk. I rarely left the farmhouse—and then only in someone’s arms. Mom bundled me up whenever she took me to town, no matter the season.
“The world will see him when he can walk,” she told Dad. “And he will walk.”
Mom devoted herself to helping me. She tried everything to get me on my feet. When I was three, she and Dad took me to a clinic in Dublin.
A few weeks later we returned to Dublin with my artificial limbs (肢). Back home I practiced walking with my new limbs.
“There’s nothing anyone can do but you can’t,” Mom said. “You and I are going to walk through town.”
The next day Mom dressed me in my finest clothes. She wore a summer dress and fixed her hair and makeup. Dad drove us to the church. We stepped out of the car. Mom took my hand. “Hold your head up high, now, Ronan,” she said.
We walked 300 meters to the post office. It was the farthest I’d walked, and I was sweating from the effort. Then we left the post office and continued down the street, Mom's eyes shining with a mother's pride.
That night, back on our farm, I lay exhausted on my bed. It meant nothing, though, compared to what I’d done on my walk.
Then I began to pursue my dream of singing. And at every step Mom's words came back to me—Ronan, you can do anything anyone else can do—and the faith she had in God, who would help me do it.
I’ve sung from the grandest stages in Europe, to music played by the world’s finest musicians. That night, I stood at the Madison Square Garden, with Mom’s words chiming in my ears. Then I began singing. I couldn't feel the pulse of the music in my feet, but I felt it deep in my heart, the same place where Mom’s promise lived.
1.What was the problem with the author as a baby?
A. He was expected unable to walk. B. He was born outward in character.
C. He had a problem with listening. D. He was shorter than a normal baby.
2.The underlined word “deformity” in the second paragraph most probably means _________.
A. shortcoming B. disadvantage C. disability D. delay
3.Why did Mom dress him and herself in finest clothes?
A. To hide their depressed feeling. B. To indicate it an unusual day.
C. To show off their clothes. D. To celebrate his successful operation.
4.From the story we may conclude that his mother was __________.
A. determined B. stubborn C. generous D. distinguished
5.According to the writer, what mattered most in
his success?
A. His consistent effort. B. His talent for music.
C. His countless failures. D. His mother’s promise.
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