Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic(身心的) Society. Researchers in the United States studied 100,000 women during an eight-year period, beginning in 1994. All of the women were fifty or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.
The women were asked questions measuring their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers attempted to identify each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.
The study found that hopeful individuals were 14% less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also 30% less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.
Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.
The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.
Some women who answered the questions were found to be hostile (懷敵意的), or highly untrusting of others. These women were 16% more likely to die than the others. They also were 23% more likely to die of cancer.
The study also found women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.
Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative (消極的) emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.
【小題1】In which part of a newspaper can you read the above passage?
| A．Nation | B．Opinion |
| C．Science | D．Business |
| A．decide who is more likely to enjoy a happier life |
| B．find out the link between personality and health |
| C．gather information for the National Institutes of Health |
| D．compare each woman’s personality changes |
| A．Negative emotions cause a shorter life indeed. |
| B．There may be some link between personality and health. |
| C．It’s uncertain whether optimism affects one’s health. |
| D．The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy. |
| A．A woman who always doubts what others say. |
| B．A woman who doesn’t exercise. |
| C．A woman with high blood pressure. |
| D．A woman with poor physical health. |
| A．Unfair. | B．Useless. | C．Necessary. | D．Reliable. |
閱讀快車系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆江西省南昌二中高三第四次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
The olive is one of the oldest planted crops known to man and is still widely grown in the Mediterranean.An olive tree can have a life of 500 years and is strong enough to continue to grow if ever chopped to the ground.It takes up four years before the olive tree is ripe enough to bear fruit.
Olive trees originated in the Mediterranean region where there is the perfect climate for the olive tree planting.It is characterized by abundant sunshine year-round and hot,dry summers with an average temperature of 80°F.In winter,it rarely drops below 50°F.Olive trees were first planted by humans around 4000 BC in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.Before the areas became desert,countries such as modern-day Turkey and Iraq had a lush environment with soil that plants grow well.Archaeological findings suggest that farming began in the Fertile Crescent before 7000BC.Instead of living as hunter-gatherers,these early humans settled down and harvested native plants.They selected olive trees that produced larger and oilier olives than the wild trees.
Olives and olive oil became valuable trade items between societies and civilizations.People who moved from one place to another and traders from the Fertile Crescent introduced olive oil to Syria and Crete,which spread to Egypt,Greece,and Rome.It continued to migrate westward until olive trees were first introduced to Califomia between 1769 and 1785.
The olive tree and olive oil have important symbolism in each religion.In Christianity,a dove(鴿子)brought an olive branch to Noah as a symbol of peace and new life after God flooded the Earth.The Prophet Muhammad suggested the use of olive oil for medicinal(藥用的) purposes and massage(按摩).
Olive oil has medicinal benefits.Olive oil has been used for health benefits.Regular eating olive oil can reduce the risk of cancers.It was used during the Spanish Civil War from 1808 to 1813 to treat cases of fever.In 1960,oleuropein(橄欖多酚)was removed from olive leaves,which helps with food poisoning.
【小題1】If an olive tree is chopped to the ground,______.
| A．it can’t grow any more |
| B．it can produce more new ones |
| C．there is no doubt that it will die |
| D．it is able to grow back strongly |
| A．Of bad climate. | B．Changeable or unstable. |
| C．Extremely disadvantaged. | D．Growing thickly and strongly. |
| A．the olive tree can stand extreme cold |
| B．the olive tree enjoys the long sunshine |
| C．the olive is the oldest tree in the world |
| D．the climate of deserts suits the olive tree |
| A．The history of the olive tree. |
| B．The characteristic of the olive tree. |
| C．The origin and medicinal benefits of the olive tree. |
| D．The different symbols of the olive tree in each region. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆甘肅省蘭州一中高三9月月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
About 12,000 years ago- long before the famous UFO crash make headlines in America—an alien spaceship crashed in China. And their descendants are still living in a faraway Chinese village today! That is the mind-bending claim made in the new book Out of Time and Place, a collection of reports from the files of Fate, a magazine edited by Terry O’Neil.
The story first came to light in 1937 when an expedition led by Chi Pu-Tei came across a group of caves deep in the Bayan-Kara-Ula Mountains. In the caves were found strange-looking skeletons with big heads and small, slender bodies—closely matching typical descriptions of space aliens. The explorers also uncovered 716 mysterious stone discs with strange hieroglyphics(象形文字) on them.
In Qinghai Province, where the mountains lie, ancient stories tell of small, skinny beings with oversize heads who came from the sky long long ago. And to this day, locals live in fear of attack from strange-looking creatures from above.
And there is more. In 1947, British scientist Karyl Robin-Evans led an expedition into the mountains and discovered a group of dwarfs(侏儒) who called themselves the Droza. “They told him that their ancestors came from a planet in the Sirius（天狼星）system and crashed in this mountain area a long time ago,” writes Hausdorf, “Many of them were killed, but survivors adapted to living on this rough planet far from home.”
For decades, Robin-Evans’ claims were dismissed as nonsense. But in 1995, the Associated Press reported that in the region a village named Huilong had been discovered—populated by 120 dwarfs ranging from 3-foot-10 to 2-foot-1tall.Hausdorf asks, “Could these people be the last living descendants of the survivors of the legendary UGO crash—the Chinese Roswell?”
【小題1】Which of the following are the findings of Chi Pu-Tei?
a. strange-looking skeletons b. UFO crash
c. stone discs d. dwarfs
e. strange hieroglyphics f. skinny beings
| A．a(chǎn), c, d | B．c, e, f | C．a(chǎn), c, e | D．a(chǎn), b, e |
| A．introduce ancient stories in Qinghai Province |
| B．show evidence of the existence of aliens in Qinghai Province |
| C．express fears of attack from aliens |
| D．describe the spaceship crash in China |
| A．This passage is a piece of science news recently issued. |
| B．Chinese are descendants to the survivors of the alien spaceship crash |
| C．The UFO crash in the Byan-Kara-Ula Mountains has recently been seen |
| D．Many people are curious about aliens from outer space |
| A．Recent research about the Chinese Roswell. |
| B．News stories about Roswell UFO Crash. |
| C．Chi Pu-Tei’s discovery in China. |
| D．Robin-Evans’ claims. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆江西省高三第四次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
The olive is one of the oldest planted crops known to man and is still widely grown in the Mediterranean.An olive tree can have a life of 500 years and is strong enough to continue to grow if ever chopped to the ground.It takes up four years before the olive tree is ripe enough to bear fruit.
Olive trees originated in the Mediterranean region where there is the perfect climate for the olive tree planting.It is characterized by abundant sunshine year-round and hot,dry summers with an average temperature of 80°F.In winter,it rarely drops below 50°F.Olive trees were first planted by humans around 4000 BC in an area known as the Fertile Crescent.Before the areas became desert,countries such as modern-day Turkey and Iraq had a lush environment with soil that plants grow well.Archaeological findings suggest that farming began in the Fertile Crescent before 7000BC.Instead of living as hunter-gatherers,these early humans settled down and harvested native plants.They selected olive trees that produced larger and oilier olives than the wild trees.
Olives and olive oil became valuable trade items between societies and civilizations.People who moved from one place to another and traders from the Fertile Crescent introduced olive oil to Syria and Crete,which spread to Egypt,Greece,and Rome.It continued to migrate westward until olive trees were first introduced to Califomia between 1769 and 1785.
The olive tree and olive oil have important symbolism in each religion.In Christianity,a dove(鴿子)brought an olive branch to Noah as a symbol of peace and new life after God flooded the Earth.The Prophet Muhammad suggested the use of olive oil for medicinal(藥用的) purposes and massage(按摩).
Olive oil has medicinal benefits.Olive oil has been used for health benefits.Regular eating olive oil can reduce the risk of cancers.It was used during the Spanish Civil War from 1808 to 1813 to treat cases of fever.In 1960,oleuropein(橄欖多酚)was removed from olive leaves,which helps with food poisoning.
1.If an olive tree is chopped to the ground,______.
|
A．it can’t grow any more |
|
B．it can produce more new ones |
|
C．there is no doubt that it will die |
|
D．it is able to grow back strongly |
2.What does the underlined word “l(fā)ush”in para.2 probably mean?
|
A．Of bad climate. |
B．Changeable or unstable. |
|
C．Extremely disadvantaged. |
D．Growing thickly and strongly. |
3.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_____.
|
A．the olive tree can stand extreme cold |
|
B．the olive tree enjoys the long sunshine |
|
C．the olive is the oldest tree in the world |
|
D．the climate of deserts suits the olive tree |
4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
①Olive trees bear fruits every four years.
②Olive oil was a food production before 7000BC.
③In Muhammad,olive oil was used as medicine.
④Olive trees were introduced to California in the 18th century.
A.②③④ B. ①②③ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
5.What is this passage mainly about?
|
A．The history of the olive tree. |
|
B．The characteristic of the olive tree. |
|
C．The origin and medicinal benefits of the olive tree. |
|
D．The different symbols of the olive tree in each region. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆度上海市高三第一次考試英語題 題型：其他題
Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need．
A．a(chǎn)ctually B．suddenly C．impact D．fitness E．memories
F．imaging G．responsible H．implications I．boost J．encouraging
If you want to 1._ your child's results at school, you could do a lot worse than ensuring that they do plenty of exercise．Scientists have already shown that physical activity can make you cleverer．A team in America has used scans to show that an important part of the brain _2._ grows in children who are fit．These youngsters tend to be more intelligent and have better _3._ than those who are inactive．
Scientists also found that one of the most important parts of their brains was 12 per cent larger than those of unfit youngsters．They believe that _4._ children to take exercise from a very young age could help them do better at school later．Researchers from the University of Illinois, in the U．S．, studied the brains of 49 children aged nine and ten using a magnetic resonance _5._ scan, a technique which provides very detailed pictures of organs and tissues in the body．
They also tested the _6._ levels of the children by making them run on a treadmill．The scientists found that the hippocampus（海馬體）, a part of the brain _7._ for memory and learning, was around 12 per cent larger in the fitter youngsters．
Professor Art Kramer, who led the study published in the journal Brain Research, said the findings had important _8._ for encouraging individuals to take part in sport from a young age．"We knew that experience and environmental factors and socioeconomic status all _9._ brain development," he said．"If you get some lousy（壞的） genes from your parents, you can't really fix that, and it's not easy to do something about your economic status．But here's something that we can do something about．
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年上海市高三下學期第一次模擬考試（英語含答案） 題型：其他題
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A – F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
E．Choosing subjects to study． F．Other characteristics typical of super．young people |
How They Stay Young
76.________________
When Dr David Weeks，a clinical neuro-psychologist at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital in Scotland．wanted to look into the secrets of eternal（永久的） youth ，he advertised for subjects who looked younger than their age．An independent panel examined photographs of respondents，and selected 3,500 people who looked on average l2 to 14 years younger than their actual age to take part in the study．
77．________________
These subjects were studied for eight years．The main aim of the study was to discover whether environment or heredity had more effect on the ageing process．The conclusion was that genetic programming is the main factor．But the study also showed that avoiding stress can slow down the ageing process．
78．________________
Stress seems to have an immediate effect on appearance．A separate study of middle-aged women showed that women suffering form serious stress looked older in just a few months．Yet when the problem causing the stress was removed，they very quickly looked younger．
79．________________
Here is a list of the factors that Dr．Weeks found that allowed his subjects to lead less stressful lives than others．First，they tend to have happy relationships with their partners．These relationships are based on trust and empathy，and provide security and comfort when dealing with stressful problems．Secondly，they tended to avoid sources of hostility instead of allowing them to make them angry．
80．________________
Next, they seem to have a good sense of humor．They like to have fun，and are enthusiastically involved in a variety of hobbies．They also seemed less willing to conform to others’ ideas．They prefer to think for themselves．They tend to have a good attitude towards health and exercise as well．They avoid the sun，do not smoke, and eat a healthy diet．
So these are the secrets of the “ super-young”：a loving relationship．Regular exercise．a(chǎn) variety of hobbies，a healthy diet and avoidance of stress．
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