What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客觀的） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光譜）.
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through ________.
A. knowledge B. more than one aspect
C. technology D. the use of machines
2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.
B. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.
C. He is interested in problems that are explained.
D. He looks for new ways of acting.
3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT ________.
A. easily believe in unchecked statements
B. easily criticize others’ research work
C. always use his imagination in work
D. always use evidence from observation
4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A. complete B. accurate C. objective D. complicated
5.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Application of technology
B. Progress in modem society.
C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting
D. How to become a successful scientist.
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.C
5.C
【解析】
試題分析：文章大意：這篇文章講的是科學家的思維和表現的方式。好的科學家是好奇的，探索未知的世界，好的科學家用的數據是客觀的，不會相信沒有經過論證的說法。
1.細節題：從第一段的句子：many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. 可知很多人認為科學不止在一方面影響社會。選B
2.細節題：從第三段的句子：First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. …..and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected.可知好奇的科學家會努力的找出潛在的聯系。選B
3.細節題：從第五段的句子：He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.可知科學家不會輕易的相信沒有合適的說法，選 A
4.細節題：從第四段的句子：He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客觀的） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. 可知好的科學家用的數據是客觀的，選C
5.主旨題：從第三段的句子：What are these special methods of thinking and acting?可知這篇文章講的是科學家的思維和表現的方式。選C
考點：考查科普類短文
名校課堂系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.
60．What is the central theme of this text?
A．The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.
B．The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C．The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D．The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
61．How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field?
A．By setting up more chain stores across the country.
B．By selling roses in supermarkets.
C．By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D．By selling roses by the dozen.
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