Question

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每空格一個(gè)單詞。

Eat more, Play more—Weight Less

In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.

Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.

I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.

Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陳代謝). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.

The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.

For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.

In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion（均衡）of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.

Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high－density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (營(yíng)養(yǎng)).

The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足夠的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(長(zhǎng)期便秘)．

To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.

 

Title                             Eat more, Play more—Weight Less

Causes of weight problems        ●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to 1.______ too much, but little scientific evidence 2.______ this idea.

●Studies show that fat people eat less and are 3.______ active than slim people.

4.______of eating enough        ●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and 5.______ activity should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable

●Food intake offers 6.______ vitamin and mineral intake and prevents the old from chronic constipation.

Ways of weight loss  ●Dieting alone—a temporary measure

●Tending to weaken the diet's effects

●7.______in some loss of muscle as well as fat

●Exercising 8.______ — a recommended way

●Having good heart function

●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL

●Attaining critical nutrients

9.______ ●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity.

●Severe dieting should be 10.______.

●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable.

 

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.eating

2.supports

3.less

4.Benefits/Advantages

5.physical

6.adequate/enough

7.Resulting

8.regularly

9.Summaries/Conclusions

10.avoided/stopped

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述了美國(guó)人越來越多的人有肥胖病，有很少的證據(jù)表明因?yàn)樗麄兪浅缘奶�多，文中給出了引起肥胖的原因，吃得足夠多的好處以及一些減肥的方法，最后文章給出結(jié)論：沒有進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻捠菍?dǎo)致肥胖的原因，建議不要再使用節(jié)食的方法來減肥。

1.根據(jù)we eat too much. 因?yàn)閐ueto+doing，故用eating.

2.根據(jù)But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.因?yàn)閑vidence是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故用supports.

3.根據(jù)Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.這里應(yīng)該活動(dòng)的少，故用less.

4.根據(jù)The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated.可知這段主要談?wù)摰氖且嫣帲�故用benefits/advantages.

5.根據(jù)The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.身體的活動(dòng)，故用physical.

6.根據(jù)Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足夠的)of their vitamin and mineral intake.And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(長(zhǎng)期便秘)．吃足夠的食物能夠攝入足夠的維生素和礦物質(zhì)以防得便秘。故用adequate/enough.

7.根據(jù)While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, 因?yàn)檫@一部分都是用動(dòng)詞的ing形式來表達(dá)，故用resulting.

8.根據(jù)The regular exerciser has good heart function too.因?yàn)檫@里修飾動(dòng)詞故用副詞regularly.

9.根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知是對(duì)于上文的總結(jié)，故用summaries/conclusions.

10.根據(jù)Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating.故用avoided/stopped.

考點(diǎn)：任務(wù)型閱讀。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：閱讀表達(dá)題型的測(cè)試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題更具有綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對(duì)考生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的考查。開放性問題是閱讀表達(dá)中主觀性最強(qiáng)的試題，要求考生結(jié)合文章的大意、個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來回答相關(guān)問題。