Pessimistic，anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (癡呆)，US researchers reported on Thursday.
A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later.
Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk，the study showed.
“There appears to be a dose?response pattern.That is，the higher the scores，the higher the risk of dementia，”Dr Yonas Geda，a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minnesota who led the study，said in a statement.
Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965.
They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory，a standard personality and life experience test，Geda’s team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami.
In 2004，the team interviewed the participants or family members.
Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely，as a group，to have developed dementia by 2004，including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular (血管的) dementia.
This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia.
“One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this，”Geda said.
“One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self?fulfilling prophecy (預言)．”
And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia，although many studies have shown that a healthy diet，exercise，keeping active in other ways，doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.
B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.
C．If we have a healthy diet，we would have no chance of getting dementia.
D．A person who is pessimistic has a higher risk of developing dementia.
2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．There are many ways to prevent dementia effectively.
B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.
C．Those who lead a happy life will not get dementia when they are old.
D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.
3.Which of the following does NOT help reduce the risk of getting dementia according to the passage?
A．A healthy diet.? B．Proper exercises.
C．Doing puzzles.? D．Getting up early.
4.Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？
A．Cheerless.? B．Optimistic.
C．Unhappy.? D．Upset.
1.B
2.D
3.D
4.B
【解析】
1.
解析 主旨大意題。文章第一段就點明了主題，整篇文章都圍繞悲觀、壓抑等情緒更容易使人患癡呆癥這一論斷展開。
2.2】 D
解析 細節理解題。由最后一段可知A項錯誤；悲觀者患癡呆癥的可能性會更大而不是一定會患癡呆癥，所以B項錯誤，D項正確；生活幸福的人也不一定就一定不會患癡呆癥。
3.3】 D
解析 細節理解題。最后一段提到健康飲食、常運動、猜字謎等有助于預防癡呆，而文中并沒有涉及到有關“早起床”的信息。
4.4】 B
解析 詞義猜測題。由文章知，pessimistic與anxious和depressed意義接近，而A、C、D三項與這兩個詞的意思也接近，只有optimistic意為“樂觀的”，與pessimistic意義相反。
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Tyler was born infected with HIV: his mother was also infected．From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive．When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest．This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back．Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream．At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing．
This dreaded（可怕的） disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler．He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．
A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, " I might die soon．I’m not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too．I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．"
his HIV - infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn’t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．
A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, " I might die soon．I’m not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she’s coming to heaven, too．I’ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．"
What is the boy Tyler's attitude towards death?
A．pessimistic（悲觀的）． B．optimistic． C．sorrowful． D．fearful．
Tyler requested the writer to dress him in red when he died simply because___________．
A．red is a lucky color B．red might help to cure him
C．his mom could spot him easily D．he could find more mates by wearing red
Which of the following might serve as a possible title for this passage?
A．My unusual profession． B．A caring mother．
C．Mother and son． D．Dying in red．
The underlined word dynamo in the fourth paragraph here means_______．
A．a promising and helpful youth
B．an extremely energetic person
C．a rare and beautiful flower
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I am quite ______ that the new cosmetics, whether it appears in the form of tablet, capsule, powder or injection, will _______ through the country among young ladies.
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A．optimistic about; sweep |
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“Such a move is in the interest of the entire world, and meets the need of the global sustainable development（可持續性發展）,” he added.
ACHIEVEMENTS
“As a member of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED), I have seen the strong determination of China’s leadership,” said Toepfer.
“The performance of the Chinese central and regional governments during the process of urbanization(城市化進程) also makes me believe that it has become the consensus（共識）of all the governments to protect the environment, save energy, cut greenhouse gas emission, and to build an resource-conserving society.”
The expert took Shanghai as an example. “The Shanghai government is fully aware of the importance of an energy-saving and resource-efficient structure.”
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However, despite the positive results, more needs to be done in China, the former UN environment chief said.
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Toepfer suggested that China introduce advanced new technologies on environmental protection and energy-saving from other countries, and actively participate in international cooperation projects on environmental protection and energy conservation as the country already has a strong scientific and economic capability.
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A. energy conservation B. environmental protection
C. carbon dioxide emission D. financial crisis
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A. contradictory B. negative C. optimistic D. pessimistic(悲觀的)
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B. Efforts made by China have won the appreciation of the world.
C. The present financial crisis will last for several years at least.
D. At present China should introduce new technologies on production.
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Five Happiness Secrets For Tough Times
Sonja Lyubomirsky, an author, has researched the science of happiness for years．
Here are her tips to help you cope with a bad economy, and increase your bursts of happiness throughout the day．
1.________
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2.________
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3.________
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4.________
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