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Which part of the world has the most nearsighted students? Just look around you–it’s East Asia. Nine in ten school leavers in major East Asian cities are nearsighted, according to the BBC. Experts say books and video games are not to blame. East Asian students, they say, aren’t getting enough sunlight.
People become nearsighted because their eyeballs grow out of shape and light entering their eyes cannot focus correctly. The body can produce a chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) to stop eyeballs from changing shape. And guess what scientists have just discovered? Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine, reported AFP.
According to the study, primary school students in Singapore spend only 30 minutes outdoors every day; in Australia, by contrast, kids spend about three hours a day outside. As a result, fewer children in Australia are nearsighted–only 10 percent, compared with 90 percent in Singapore.
“Children in East Asia basically go to school... go home and stay inside. They study and they watch television,” Ian Morgan of the Australian National University told AFP.
But being a bookworm or a couch potato does not directly harm the eyes, added Morgan. “As long as they get outside, it doesn’t seem to matter how much study they do,” he explained. “There are some kids who study hard and get outside and play hard and they are generally fine. The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don’t get outside. As a result of massive (巨大的) educational pressures and the construction (構成) of a child’s day, the amount of time they spend outside in bright light is minimized.”
Experts suggest children should stay outside for two to three hours every day. This can include time spent in the playground and walking to and from school.
小題1:Which of the word has the similar meaning as the underlined phrase “nine in ten”?

A．many

B．few

C．some

D．most

小題2:What is the main reason for the large number of nearsighted students in East Asia, according to scientists?

A．Too much reading or gaming.	B．Lack（缺少）of sunlight.
C．Genetic reasons.	D．Lack of exercise.

小題3:What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?

A．Dopamine is a chemical that causes eyeballs to grow out of shape.

B．Dopamine can stop light entering the eyes from focusing correctly.

C．Spending time in the sun can make the loss of dopamine in the body.

D．The more dopamine a person has in their body, the better eyesight he or she has.

小題4:According to Morgan, what kind of people are most likely to suffer from nearsightedness?

A．Those who like watching TV.

B．Those who take exercise regularly.

C．Those who study hard and play hard outdoors.

D．Those who stay indoors studying all day

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:D

試題解析：本文大意：根據BBC報道在東亞的主要大城市中有十分之九的畢業生是近視眼，專家說書本和視頻沒有責任，他們沒有獲得足夠的陽光。AFP報道陽光可以幫助我們的身體產生更多的多巴胺，阻止眼球變形。風險高的群體是學習刻苦又不去戶外的那部分人。
小題1:細節理解題。根據Which part of the world has the most nearsighted students?世界上哪個國家有最多的近視眼學生？可知選D
小題2:細節理解題。根據East Asian students, they say, aren’t getting enough sunlight.他們說東亞的學生們沒有得到充足的陽光，可知選B
小題3:細節理解題。根據 Sunlight can help our bodies produce more dopamine, reported AFP.AFP報道陽光可以幫助我們的身體產生更多的多巴胺，可知選C
小題4:細節理解題。根據The ones who are at major risk are the ones who study hard and don’t get outside.風險高的群體是學習刻苦又不去戶外的那部分人，可知選D

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